![]() ![]() 2435), antivaccination typically reflects a refusal to vaccinate, motivated by ideology, politics or religion 6. While vaccine hesitancy is defined 5 as an emotional or cognitive “response to assessing the risks and benefits of vaccination” and often results in actual vaccination (p. It is vital to distinguish vaccine hesitancy from a negative antivaxx position, even though both may lead to a declaration of vaccine refusal 5. Vaccine hesitancy has become even more critical in the COVID-19 context, as vaccination prevents both the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and decreases morbidity and mortality 4. Even prior to Covid-19, the WHO considered vaccine hesitancy to be one of the 10 global threats to public health 3. However, this process has been hampered at critical time points by vaccine hesitancy, defined in 2014 by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2 as “the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines” (p. The data reveal distinct risk levels for future side-effects, suggesting the need to tailor public health messaging.ĬOVID-19 vaccine development should have been the “light at the end of the tunnel” 1. Results show that a quantifiable and meaningful portion of COVID-19 vaccine side-effects is predicted by vaccine hesitancy, demonstrating that side-effects comprise a psychosomatic nocebo component in vaccinated individuals. ![]() A representative sample of older adults ( n = 756, mean age = 68.9 ± 3.43) were questioned in a typical cross-lagged design (wave 1 following a second Pfizer dose, wave 2 after their booster). We expected these nocebo effects to be driven by (mis)information in males and prior experience in females. ![]() We hypothesized a nocebo effect, whereby vaccine hesitancy towards the second Pfizer vaccination dose predicts subsequent side-effects for a booster dose, beyond other effects. The directionality between vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine side-effects has not been hitherto examined. ![]()
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